Our complete family of products includes automatic limitedslip, automatic locking and electronic selectable locking differentials. Provide a varied leverage between the engine and the drive wheels provide means to transfer power in opposite direction. Understand basic service and repair of a differential. A study on vehicle differential system international journal of. Differentials and drive axles study notes purposes of a drive axle assembly to transmit power from the drive shaft to the wheels to turn the power flow 90degrees on rwd cars to allow the wheels to turn at different speeds while cornering rwd live axle components rear axle housing holds all other components and attaches to the vehicles suspension. Differential lock is a device to join both half axles of the tractor so that even if one wheel is under less resistance, the tractor comes out from the mud etc as both wheels move with the same speed and apply equal traction. On rear wheel drive vehicles the differential may connect to halfshafts inside an axle housing. The engine, clutch, gear box, propeller shaft and simple differential are being used from last years have some limitations as todays lifestyle is. A front wheel drive car basically doesnt have a normal input shaft, but everything else is the same.
The basic parts of a differential is introduced first. A fourwheel drive automobile has a driving system which includes a transversely oriented engine unit, a transmission having input and output shafts which extend transversely of the car body, an interaxle differential gear mechanism, front and rear interwheel differential gear mechanisms, and a differential gear lock mechanism. The differential is found on all modern cars and trucks, and also in many allwheeldrive fulltime fourwheeldrive vehicles. To allow the wheels to turn at different speeds while cornering. Vehicles usually have engines which are fuel injectedicinternal combustion and are controlled by an ecuelectronic control unit. A limitedslip differential lsd is a type of differential that allows its two output shafts to rotate at different speeds but limits the maximum difference between the two shafts in an automobile, such limitedslip differentials are sometimes used in place of a standard differential, where they convey certain dynamic advantages, at the expense of greater complexity. Failure assessment of differential unit of automobile. Identify the parts and the functions of different types of drive lines. Vehicle travelling straight input torque is applied to the ring gear, which turns the entire carrier, providing torque to both side gears, which in turn may drive the left and right wheels if the resistance at both wheels is. Provide means of connection and disconnection of engine with rest of power train without shock and smoothly. A differential is a mechanical device made up of several gears. Therefore, an automobile is a selfpropelled vehicle. A differential is a gear train with three shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of. Thus the power is directly transmitted to the axle and hence to the wheels.
The differential is a component in all cars and is designed to compensate for the difference in distance the inner wheels and outer wheels travel as the car goes around a corner. What is the main function of differential in an engine of. Car differential massachusetts institute of technology. This will considerably reduce the power loss in some occasions when unwanted loss is. All of the systems listed above have been impacted by the introduction of electronics. One is driven by a shaft from the engine, the other drives a shaft to the differential unit and drive axles. Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro the open differential thats more or less the diagram of the inside of differential for a rear wheel drive car.
This was produced on a budget but its purpose is to explain the concepts and not be a pixarb. Differential gear, in automotive mechanics, gear arrangement that permits power from the engine to be transmitted to a pair of driving wheels, dividing the force equally between them but permitting them to follow paths of different lengths, as when turning a corner or traversing an uneven road. Enable power transmission at varied angles and varied lengths. Description of universal joints, propeller shaft, final drive, differential and rear axles has been given in this unit.
Procedure involved in disassembly of differential unit is also explained. Automatic differential unit locking system report download synopsis the proposed mechanism is to lock the differential. Automobile differential unit a mechanical gear assembly unit which provide different speedtorque to same axle wheels by. An automobile differential gear system capable of establishing an appropriate differential motion between the right and left driving axles of an automobile so that the automobile is able to run smoothly along a curve where the right and left driving axles are required to be driven at different revolving rates respectively. Torque is supplied from the engine, via the transmission, to a drive shaft british term.
Rudolph ackermann of germany invents a fourwheel steering system for. This article presents a design and performance analysis of an electronic differential ed system designed for light electric vehicles. Differential mechanical device 1 differential mechanical device a cutaway view of an automotive final drive unit which contains the differential input torque is applied to the ring gear blue, which turns the entire carrier blue, providing torque to both side gears red and yellow. Automatic differential unit locking system report download. It is used to transmit the power from the driveshaft to the drive wheels. In automobile and other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows the outer drive wheel to rotate faster then the inner drive wheel during a turn.
Instead of the surplus energy of the vehicle being wasted as unwanted heat, the motors act as generators and return some of it to the overhead. A car differential is placed halfway between the driving wheels, on either the front, rear, or both axes depending on whether its a front, rear, or 4wheeldrive car. Are you looking for differential unit in automobile ppt. Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro. Differential unit repairs and failures data 20092015 sn vehicle model. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and power train. Differential is an arrangement of gears which work together and allow the vehicle to take a turn smoothly. A differential unit has axially aligned helically toothed output gears of different diameters to provide an unequal division of the input torque, in meshing relationship with two sets of intermediate gears which mesh together and are rotatable on axes parallel to the output gear axis.
This can be problematic when one wheel does not have enough traction, such as when it is in snow or mud. Understand the different types of universal and constant velocity joints. Pdf on apr 22, 2007, nilton raposo and others published design of the differential unit for the 20062007 pace vehicle find, read and cite. If youve read how car engines work, you understand how a car s power is generated. The rear axle and differential is attached to automobile frame via springs. We collected most searched pages list related with differential unit in automobile ppt and more about it. In the differential, bevel pinion gear is fixed to the propeller shaft which rotates the crown wheel. Regenerative braking system is the way of slowing vehicle by using the motors as brakes. Objectives each unit is based on objectives that state the measurable unit and specific behavioral or performance objectives that the student is expected to achieve. How stuff works, mechstuff automobile, construction of differential, differential, differential animation, gears, how differential work, pdf, ppt, turning, working of differential, working principle. One problem with an automotive differential is that if one wheel is held stationary, the counterpart wheel turns at twice its normal speed as can be seen by examining the complete scheme of automobile differential.
Mohan, s, 2000 the sparkignition unit, which gives fast. How to care for your cars differential popular mechanics. Differential relays high impedance differential relay highimpedance differential relays are typically used for bus protection. Pdf the term automobile or automotive stands for a vehicle which can be moved by itself. Bus protection is an application that demands many sets of cts be connected to the relays. Working of a differential is explained in a logical and illustrative manner in this animated video. A car differential is placed halfway between the driving wheels, on either the front, rear, or both axes depending on.
Keywords differential, etc, lsd, traction, differential system. Construction and working of a differential in automobile. If youve read how car engines work, you understand how a cars power is generated. This is necessary when the vehicle turns, making the wheel that is traveling around the outside of the turning curve roll farther and faster than the other. The evolution of these electronics has been so rapid that a book automotive fundamentals. How a differential works and types of differentials youtube.
The differential is the powerdividing unit in general form it is a. Differential pinion gears walk around slower side gear. A spiral bevel pinion gear takes its drive from the end of the propeller shaft, and is encased within the housing of the final drive unit. To prevent skidding in a curve the wheel on the outside of the curve has to turn faster than the wheel on the inside because it has to travel a greater distance in the same amount of time as the inner wheel. In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows the outer drive wheel to rotate faster than the inner drive wheel during a turn.
This paper deals with the study and experimentation of differential locking system. Its main function is to allow the drive wheels to turn at different rpms allowing the wheels to go around corners while still receiving power from the engine. Differential helps in turning the drive wheels at different rpm while the vehicle takes a turn. Therefore, distance between differential and gear box keeps on.
A differential unit comprises a differential carrier 12 supported in a housing 1 for rotation. From differential the power is distributed to the wheels. By locking the differential the differential is disengaged from the axle. Manufacturing of simple differential locking system. A problem with an automotive differential is that if one wheel is held. Automobile chassis and body engineering pdf automobile. Differential mechanical device 1 differential mechanical device a cutaway view of an automotive final drive unit which contains the differential input torque is applied to the ring gear blue, which turns the entire carrier blue, providing torque to both side gears red and yellow, which in turn may drive the left and right wheels.
This article will explain differentials where the power, in most cars, makes its last stop before spinning the wheels the differential has three jobs. It consists of two bevel gears sun gear and two bevel gears planet gear. In most cars, the differential is where the engine torque goes through its. A differential unit sometimes called the diff is a very special mechanism designed to feed the engines torque to the driving wheels. Techaees arai automobile differential unit differential gear ratio straight turning 14. The crown wheel has another unit called the differential unit. The power from the gear box comes through the propeller shaft and is given to the differential.
Final drive is a gear reduction unit in the power trains between the differential. I simplified it greatly as there may be more than 2. Introduction to automotive technology v components i. These allwheeldrive vehicles need a differential between each set of drive wheels, and they need one between the front and the back wheels as well, because the front wheels travel a different distance through a turn than the rear wheels. Rear yokeholds the rear universal joint and transfers torque to the gears in the rear axle assembly. If one of the wheels attached to a differential decides to hit some ice, for example, it slips and spins with all of the speed the differential has to distribute.
Automobile differential unit explained with the types and general maintenance. This is the reason for a device known as a limited slip differential or traction control. Download full seminar topics for automobile engineering in doc, pdf or ppt format. Thus, a locking mechanism, or limited slip differential allows one wheel to slip or spin freely while some torque is delivered to the other wheel hopefully on dry land. Introduction the objective conditions of vehicle travel require that its wheels move. Describe the principles of the limited slip differential. Objectives after studying this unit, you should be able to. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and. Simple differential locking method consists of a three parts i.
The gear train in an automobile differential is a common application of gears, but often misunderstood by the lay public. Rear universal jointa flex joint that connects the drive shaft to the differential yoke. Here we present a simplified explanation of how and why an automobile differential works. Study on classification of differential system in automobile ijraset. Automobile differential gear system nippondenso co. Pdf automotive differential dynamics marco barreto academia. Three common types of automotive drive shaft universal joints are used on rear.
Another important unit in the power train is the differential, which is driven by. In one way, it receives one input and provides two outputs this is. The power developed by the engine is transferred to the wheels through clutch, gear box, universal joints, propeller shaft, final drive, differential and rear axles. By m kautam prasanto815121 s rajiv kumar0815140 sai prashant k 0815146 differential a differential is a device, usually employing gears it is capable of transmitting torque and rotation through three shafts. Requirement transfers power from driveshaft to the wheels provides final gear reduction splits amount of torque going to each wheel allow the. From the moment your foot hits the gas, eaton performance differentials are at work efficiently maximizing wheel traction. If a product is of generic type, such as gasoline or sugar. Procedure involved in disassembly of differential unit is also. Because the objectives of the unit provide direction. The gears of one set of intermediate gears mesh with concentric internally and externally. Differentials are used to transmit the power at right angles to the shaft. It is used in almost all mechanized fourwheel vehicles. Get details of differential unit in automobile ppt.
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